Essay about Modern Day Child Labour Essay Example For Students

Article about Modern Day Child Labor Essay Cutting edge Child Labor While we, as Americans, are right now living in the most developed human advancement up to this time, we will in general dismissal issues of misuse and unfairness to countries of lesser gauge. Fortunately, we dont need to stress over the abuse of ourchildren in manufacturing plants and sweet shops working over machines for incalculable hours. We, in the United States, could never endure such conditions. For us, youngster work is a training that peaked and staged away during and afterward after the mechanical upheaval. In 1998 as we approach the new millenium, kid work can't in any case bea reality, or can it? Sadly, the business and misuse of youngsters inthe work power is as yet alive and flourishing. While this wonder is commonly bound to third world creating countries, a great part of the obligation regarding its reality tumbles to economicsuper powers, for example, the United States, which gracefully interest for the efficiently delivered merchandise. While our youngsters are settled away securely in their beds, other kids most of the way around the globe are working endlessly to the murmur of hardware well into the night. With the improvement of a worldwide commercial center, industry and assembling is not, at this point kept to its motherland. Overall interest has made an extended market for serious merchandise and enterprises. Subsequently, numerous huge organizations have found their essential communities of creation abroad in underdeveloped countries, which make merchandise at main concern costs. This interest for inexpensively delivered products has additionally lead to an interest for laboring specialists (Henderson 49). Accordingly, a huge number of kids have become fortified workers to satisfy this requirement for modest work. Basically, the unconscious customer powers this pr. .edia inclusion, the world is currently mindful. Luckily, this mindfulness has additionally lead to activity. Since the mid nineties, numerous universal associations have invested a lot of energy to guarantee that this foul play is changed. With enough difficult work and commitment to the reason, the issue of youngster work will ideally be nonexistent in the new millenium, giving new expectation and possibilities to the offspring of things to come. Works Cited Buckley, Gail Lumet. Style as Baal. America 17 Aug. 1996: 5. Henderson, David R. The Case for Sweatshops. Fortune 28 Oct. 1996: 48-50. McCarthy, Abigail. Hauling the Rug Out: Lets End Child Labor. Commonweal 22 Sept. 1995: 7-8. Senser, Robert A. Risk! Kids at Work. Commonweal 19 Aug. 1994: 12-14. Thullen, George. Abuse of Children. Unesco Courier Oct. 1994: 26-28.

Business and Corporate Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business and Corporate Law - Assignment Example At long last, Speedway left themselves open to extraordinary risk. Speedway’s advancement involved reward air miles being joined to being gathered through local appointments. The ad expressed that any†¨customer who gathered 50000 miles could reclaim them for an online code for the †¨chance to win an incredible scope of prizes, which remembered things for Speedways administrations. †¨Further it said that: †¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœReach 50,000 extra miles and enter the online code for the opportunity to get †¨a winning affirmation email to Speedway’s head office and win the great prize of an all costs paid round the world occasion. Be that as it may, just for a constrained †¨time.’ †¨[100 words]†¨ This is the place the organization turned out badly. They made an offer that they expressed ‘any client who gathered 50,000 miles’ could reclaim them for an online code for the opportunity to win a scope of prizesâ€including the chance of getting a triumphant affirmation email to go to Speedway’s head office so as to get an all-costs paid ‘round the world’ occasion. Speedway ought to possess determined the constrained energy for which the challenge was supported. This could have made their activity a lot simpler when individuals went to the Speedway central command needing to guarantee their prizes. Along these lines, Speedway left themselves obligated. Jim Smith was riding the Net when he ran over Speedway’s Internet †¨advertisement. Quickly he began booking trips for his next occasions and in the wake of †¨collecting the reward air miles he sat tight for his email affirmation. While he was †¨waiting he falls from the fervor at the possibility of winning an all costs †¨paid round the world excursion. He was taken to emergency clinic. †¨[175 words] Speedway isn't subject for the way that Jim crumbled â€Å"in excitement† over the possibility of winning an all-costs paid excursion around the globe. Essentially, it could be contended that his breakdown could have

Its here!

It’s here! Some of you may remember that a few months ago, Snively and I, as well as our good friend Garrett 11, were working on something awesome. Well, we finished the something awesome months ago, but we wanted to keep it under wraps until its official release. Today, Im finally able to show it to you, since the Next Big Mailing has officially been shipped and the i3 DVD has gone out to the class of 2014 everywhere. For those who arent familiar with the i3 DVD, i3 stands for the Interactive Introduction to the Institute and serves a first introduction (or second, after CPW) to all the different dorms. Each dorm makes a short video showcasing the culture, talent, and innovation of each dorm, while also welcoming the incoming freshman class. Most i3 videos, especially Burton Conner videos, are a montage of parties, study breaks, and people running around the dorm yelling a lot set to loud music, but when we were elected i3 chairs we decided we wanted to do something a little different. So without further ado, I present to you: the 2010 Burton Conner i3 video. A few notes about this video: * The film stars over sixty different people, and took over 40 hours to plan, shoot, and edit over a period of two and a half months. * There are at least 14 different memes in this video. * I sent 107 emails having to do with the i3 over the course of this year. A lot of them were very wordy and long-winded. Some of them were oh my god, can we do that emails. Other ones were I cant believe were doing that emails. * The video is currently posted on YouTube in HD, YouTube (regular quality), Vimeo, and TechTV, amassing over 10,000 views (10,377 to be exact). * Snively and I each make cameo appearances in the video. (Garrett, on the other hand, was our camera man and didnt show up until we finally get a hold of a tripod at the end.) See if you can find us?

US Elections and The Great Depression - 1241 Words

Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeats Republican Herbert Hoover. This was a turning point for democrats because the republicans had controlled the presidency for most of the time since 1860. The main problem that the election of 1932 dealt with was the Great Depression. Hoover had been unsuccessful in dealing with the great depression. FDR had plans for a new deal, which would dramatically change the economy of America. Hoover and FDR were very different in personality, Hoover was isolated and did not show much emotion, FDR was confident and meant what he said. FDR won the electoral vote 472 to 59 in a landslide victory. This new leader of America marked hope in the eyes of American citizens for the first time in years. Democrat†¦show more content†¦Receiving a good education in the 1930’s was difficult. Schools were still segregated at this time. A lot more men actually started going to school because they could not find a job. Teacher salaries were dismal so it was hard to find good teachers. College attendance decreased because most people could not afford to pay to go to school. Due to the economic problems it carried over to the educational problems. The consequences of little to no education meant a more illiterate society. The depression influenced girls to expand their education opportunities, at the college level. The new things that women focused on were sports and different career fields, before this time most women just became nurses or stayed at home to care for the house and family. One major reason that women became more involved in the job field was because due the depression most men did not have a job, so women would have to support themselves financially. This ear in history was vital for women becoming more independent because it gave them a chance to take care of themselves for once. With an uneasy economy, many great cultural achievements have been made including the popularity of the radio. Americans loved to laugh at the antics of such comedians as Jack Benny, Fred Allen, George Burns and Gracie Allen, Amos and Andy, and Fibber McGee and Molly. People also took interest inShow MoreRelatedEssay on President Hoovers Lack of Action in the 1920s1389 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Great Depression. The late 1920’s economy was full of superficial prosperity and credit, and an unleveled playing field to most Americans. This causes the fortified nation to unravel at the seams. Speculators were buying on margin and selling at an artificial price. These speculators set up the stock market to plummet. Hoover dwelled his success on his rugged individualism that did not believe in direct federal aid to the people. Hoover should be blames for the worsening of the Great DepressionRead Moreelection of 1932 Essay641 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Harleigh Little Ms. Armstrong US History 17 November 2013 Election of 1932 and 2008 The elections of 1932 and 2008 have many similarities regarding the economic state of America. Before the election of 1932, Hoover was president and everyone blamed him for the Great Depression. This will cause him to lose the election of 1932. Hoover tried to help but it was too late. FDR will win the election and change the economy around. This effects the decision of the election of 2008. Hoover, whom isRead MoreThe Rise Of The Great Depression1183 Words   |  5 PagesOn October 29 , 1929 marked one of the hardest times in history know as the Great Depression. It has also been known as the Black Tuesday. On this day the stock market crashed. On October 29,1929 people all over the country were panicking not knowing what to do . 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October 29, 1929, is the day the stock market crashed, and that day was the beginning of The â€Å"Great Depression†. Many US citizens suffered through this depression, children couldn’t go to school because their parents couldn’t afford to buy school supplies, and children had to work at a young age. Families lost their homes to the bank and they were forced to create homes out of driftwoodRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy After The Great Depression1390 Words   |  6 Pages Between 1920 and 1941 the paradigm of American foreign policy completely shifted from the Isolationism to Interventionism for valid reasons. First the economic and socially challenging home front crisis of the Great Depression kept American citizens and politicians busy with domestic policy. Additionally the disillusionment of people with WWI caused America to avoid war at all costs. However, the ri sing threat of fascism in Europe forced America to defend democracy and help its allies. The firstRead MoreThe Wall Street Crash of 19291326 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen nothing but temporary inconveniences. He tells you that the difficulties of the disarray are not stronger than you, and you will move onward with your head held up high. Would you believe this man? Now, imagine yourself living during The Great Depression The Wall Street Crash of 1929 brought an end to the United States flourishing and opulent economy during the late nineteen-twenties. The crash caused the greatest economic disasters to ever hit the United States, and led many to lose everythingRead MoreDepression: Unemployment and Mackenzie King Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Essay: To what extent was the Canadian government successful in its attempts to deal with the Depression? Carol Liang After World War I, the North American economy was booming, Canada had the world’s fastest growing economy. The start of the Depression came as a surprise to Canadians. When the stock market in the US, the biggest  exported  target  for Canada’s primary resources after war, crashed,  they  reduced their demand for the products, people in Canada’s primary  industries  went bankruptRead MoreThe Great Depression of Canada1140 Words   |  5 Pages The Great Depression was not just a little event in history, hence the word â€Å"great†, but a major economical setback that would change Canada, and the world, forever. The word â€Å"great† may not mean the same thing it does now; an example of this is the ‘Great’ War. These events were not ‘good’ or ‘accomplishing’ in any way, quite the opposite, but in those times it most likely meant ‘big’. What made it big are many factors, both in the 2 0’s and 30’s, which can be categorized into three main points:Read MoreComparative Article Review: The Great Depression Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesTwo articles written about the Great Depression, one by James Struthers and the other by John Manley, each article takes a different view on the depression. One is looking exclusively at the politics and the other looking a public organizations and party formations, each showing a fear of foreign ideals. All of this would shape the way in which the working and middle class would look at and provide input into future governments. Let’s look at the differences first, James Struthers you can see

Analysis Of Rogier Van Der Weydens Virgin And Child

In the painting, ‘Virgin and Child’, by Rogier van der Weyden, it can be observed that the artist chose to use the medium of oil on wood. Despite the fact that Rogier van der Weyden created this painting in the Netherlands and was born in Tournai, Belgium, their primary influence appeared to stem from the Italian Renaissance, which had begun to use the technique of oil paintings with increasing frequency by turn of the 15th century. The subject of the painting itself, Madonna and her virgin child, were a common theme in the Renaissance, where religious subjects and topics were the primary choice for any prominent artist during this historical artistic period. In the painting itself, the soft, content expression of Madonna, the Virgin†¦show more content†¦It also worth noting that the fingers of the Virgin Mary were longer in length than that of the average woman as well. This bolsters evidence to the theory that the elongated arm of the child in the photo was created in a purposeful manner. As noted in the previous paragraph, the elongated arm not only conveys a sense of maturity, strength, and age that is unbecoming of a child this age, it also yields a sense of piousness. During this period, artists commonly employed the technique of elongating the limbs and physical features of certain subjects to emphasize their overall importance. As noted by anyone familiar with the tradition of Christianity, these two figures are of great importance within the religion. Thus, the use of elongate elongated limbs and fingers is logical in this context. The painting, ‘Virgin and Child with Donor’, by Antoniazzo Romano, despite painting a similar scene, possesses several differences. The most notable difference is the fact that the work of art was crafted on an entirely different medium, which was the ‘Tempera and gold leaf on wood’, according to the museum’s description. The painting is similar to Rogier van der Weyden’s work in its depiction of the Virgin Mary with very soft, blended features. The facial expression of the Virgin Mary is also very like that of Rogier van der Weyden’s painting as well, conveying a sense of peace and

All the Kings Men †2 Free Essays

The Great Spider Web In the book, â€Å"All The King’s Men† by Robert Penn Warren, the character of Jack Burden gradually evolves into a person with a deeper comprehension of the world around him. Jack grapples with many new concepts, including the concept of whether or not knowledge is power. Jack’s profession involves digging into the past to discover information about others, which often, he will later use to blackmail them. We will write a custom essay sample on All the Kings Men – 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now So naturally Jack believes knowledge holds great power. However, as the book carries on, Jack struggles with the idea that his knowledge may have a much deeper effect on society than the original purpose of the information. Throughout this novel Jack demonstrates that knowledge is power, but he eventually realizes that his knowledge can lead to sorrow in the lives of others, which leaves him with the idea that some things may be better left unsaid. During this book Jack exhibits that knowledge is power. One would expect this from Jack Burden because his job, first and foremost, consists of digging up dirt on other politicians for his boss Willie Stark (the governor of Louisiana). Jack, who narrates this book, comes right out and says, â€Å"The end of man is knowledge†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 9), which infuses with his idea that knowledge is power, and can essentially break down a man. Near the end of the book this quote is very significant to Jack in that events occur that prove his opinion is correct, but that he should exercise his wealth of knowledge in a different way. The entire plot of this book is drawn from the moment Willie finds out that a certain Judge Irwin supports a candidate running against his own. Willie pays a little visit to Judge Irwin in an effort to persuade him to retract his statement, but his attempt fails. â€Å"The Boss said, ‘Well Jackie, it looks like you got a job cut out for you. ’ And I said, ‘Callahan? ’ And he said, ‘Nope, Irwin. ’ And I said, â€Å"I don’t reckon you’ll find anything on Irwin. ’ And he said, ‘You find it’†(p. 49). This again suggests the theme that knowledge is power. Willie wants Jack to find dirt on Judge Irwin so he can dangle that threat over Irwin’s head, and have the ability to manipulate him. Having knowledge of Judge Irwin’s wrongdoings gives Willie the power to scare him into doing what he pleases. As the book progresses we meet the friends (and loves) of Jack’s youth. One of his friends, Adam Stanton, practices medicine and is asked by Willie to take the job at the new hospital he will open. Adam at first does not want to take a job, and Jack plans to use information he dug up about Judge Irwin (which connects to Adam’s father) to make force him to take the job. â€Å"‘I can change that picture of the world he carries around in his head’†(p. 48). Even though the information Jack wants to share with Adam could potentially shatter Adam’s view of the world, Jack feels he should use the power of his knowledge to make Adam take the job that Adam’s sister, Anne, so desperately wants him to take. All through this book knowledge is portrayed as the root of power, often with Jack as the man who has the knowledge. As the boo k progresses, Jack comes to realize that knowledge can sometimes create unimaginable sorrow in peoples lives. When Jack was young this was not a concept Jack was able to grasp. Jack’s first journey into the past proves that fact very clearly. Jack researches a scandal that occurred in one of his relatives past as a project when he was in college, but walks away from that piece of work because he simply cannot understand the reasoning behind his great-uncle’s (Cass Mastern) actions. Essentially, in the story of Cass Mastern, Cass has an affair with his friend’s wife, and when his friend learns of this affair he shoots himself. Cass feels largely responsible for his friend’s death and realizes that the effect of his affair not only killed a man, but also ripped a family apart. Cass Mastern lived for a few years and in that time he learned that the world is all of one piece. He learned that the world is like an enormous spider web and if you touch it, however lightly, at any point, the vibration ripples to the remotest perimeter†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 188). This is a powerful theme and when Jack finally realizes the significance o f this theory, he comes to terms with the fact that sometimes knowledge can bring great sorrow to peoples lives, and not only effect one person, but also many of those connected to them. The spider web theory correlates significantly to Adam and Anne after they learn that the man they have always looked up to was in fact corrupt like most other politicians. Jack experiences this negative ripple effect as well when he reveals to Judge Irwin that he knows his secret. Judge Irwin then kills himself prompting a series of ripples. â€Å"A bright, beautiful, silvery soprano scream†¦I went toward her. She dropped the telephone to the floor with a clatter, and pointed her finger at me and cried out, ‘You did it, you did, you killed him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœYour father, your father and oh! ou, killed him’†(p. 348-49). Because Jack found dirt on Judge Irwin, Irwin killed himself, which caused sorrow for Jack and Jack’s mother because we discover that Judge Irwin was the true love of Jack’s mother, and surprisingly Jack’s real father. Another essential example of when knowledge creating sorrow is when Adam finds out that his sister is havin g an affair with Willie Stark. When Adam finds out this piece of information, he is driven with anger and decides to eliminate the man defiling his sister. ‘I rushed toward Adam as he fell†¦he was already dead†¦I didn’t see the Boss. And I thought: He didn’t hit him. But I was wrong’†(p. 396). Prompted by this one piece of information, two people are dead. After this point there is a notable difference in Jack’s attitude towards revealing information to people. At this point in the book, after two of his dear friends and his own father have died, Jack realizes that some things are better left unsaid. Without his revealing selected information to people, lives could have been spared. Jack still continues to dig up information simply because he has to know. Jacks new target is who was it that called Adam and informed him of his sister’s affair. It did not take long for Jack to find out that the Boss’s punching bag, Tiny Duffy, was the culprit, and he informs Duffy of his knowledge. â€Å"I felt like a million. I had sure-God brought off that scene. I had hit him where he lived†¦I was a hero’†(p. 415). This feeling Jack has after he spoke to Duffy does not last long though, â€Å"†¦when I kicked Duffy around I felt like a million because I thought it let me out†(p. 417). Here is when Jack finally takes responsibility for the consequences of spilling his knowledge onto others, and from this time begins to comprehend when information should be held back. After the Boss dies, Jack and the Boss’s driver/friend, Sugar Boy, are out of a job. Sugar Boy greatly admired Willie and was the one who shot the bullet that found Adam Stanton. Jack and Sugar Boy run into each other at the library, and this is the point when Jack uses restraint and withholds information from Sugar Boy to eliminate further sorrow that would surely occur if he revealed his information about Tiny Duffy. ‘Listen,’ I said, ‘do you know who killed the Boss? ’†¦ ‘Yeah,’ he said, ‘yeah—the son-of-a-bi-bi-bitch and I-I-I shot him. ’†¦ ‘But suppose you don’t know, I said, leaning, ‘suppose there was someday behind Stanton, somebody who framed him to do it. ’†¦ ‘I’d kill the s on-of-a-bitch,’ he said†¦ ‘I was kidding,’ I said†(p. 419-21). Jack finally grasps the fact that sometimes information should be withheld if it will most certainly have a negative consequence. Even a bit earlier Jack starts to realize this fact but will not put it into action until the moment with Sugar Boy at the library. Another instance when Jack’s compassion shines through is when he holds back information from his mother in hopes that she will be happier with the lie. â€Å"‘—did he—was there–’†¦ ‘No’, I said, ‘he wasn’t in any jam. We had a little argument about politics. Nothing serious†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘Is that the truth? ’ She demanded. ‘Yes,’ I said. ‘I swear to God it is. ’†¦I had lied to her. Well, I had given that lie to her as a going-away present†(p. 431-32). Jack grasped the concept that sometimes things should be kept to yourself. â€Å"All change costs something†(p. 93). Revealing information that causes a change will cost someone, somewhere. Jack Burden finally comprehends this concept and becomes more cautious in spilling his knowledge about others. Overall, Jack understands that knowledge affords great power, but that it certainly can induce great sorrow. This eventually convinces him that some things are better left unsaid. Jack watches endless people suffer because of knowledge that was dumped on them and it helps him to realize that you must have some thought and restraint in what you say to people. In life, there are instances when knowledge is thrust upon a person and that person will be able to speculate the impact that knowledge will have on other people. Even though some may feel entitled and obligated to share information with others, one must assess the overall situation and practice restraint if the negative effects greatly outweigh the positive. Knowledge is a tricky thing, and one must learn its power because otherwise the spider web will constantly be moving with negative ripples leaving a web of grief. How to cite All the Kings Men – 2, Papers

Leadership and Effecting Change in Public Health for Management

Question: Discuss about theLeadership and Effecting Change in Public Health for Management. Answer: Introduction In the past decades, there have been changes in the public health planning and management. This has been prompted due to advances in technology, which has advanced the preventive and disease treatment strategies, changes in the population needs, increased focus on environmental and nutrition health and the need for an improved health living for the individual and the community. It is for these reasons that the management training of public health leaders and managers has become a prerequisite rather than a luxury. Though the public health managers and leaders play critical role in the public health provision, it is important that a succinct understanding of their roles in public health be developed. Leaders vs. Managers Comparison of the Role and Responsibility of a Leader to that of a Manager Leadership and management are terms that many people often use interchangeably but they are different. According to (Kozier et al., 2015) leadership is provided by leaders and involves getting people to work in order to attain certain goals. On the other hand, management involves the coordination of activities in order to get the job done (Northouse, 2010). In view of the difference between leadership and management, it is clear that a leader and a manager assume different roles. According to (Northouse, 2010) there is a great difference between a leader and manager. According to the author, to manage implies the act of accomplishing activities and mastering of routines, whereas to lead means the act of influencing others and creation of vision for change (p. 11). The other distinction between a leader and a manager is that a leader is considered to be a emotionally active and involved, whereas managers are often reactive and have the preference to work with people in solving of problems albeit with low emotional involvement. Moreover, leaders have been considered to be visionary people, in that they are articulate, informed, confident and self-aware, with great interpersonal skills (Kozier et al., 2015). The authors also assert that leaders are good communicators and listeners, who often take the initiative and have the ability and confidence to initiate innovative change, while facilitating and mentoring the followers (p. 571). In contrast, managers assume the role of power, authority and responsibility to plan, organise, coordinate and direct the work of other people, as well as the establishment and evaluation of standards. These roles place the managers in good position to understand the organisation structure and culture. They have the responsibility to control human, material and financial resources, set goals, make decisions and create solutions to problems. However, though the roles of a manager and a leader differ, (Northouse, 2010) asserts that the two roles overlap. According to the author, the influence that managers have on its groups in an effort to meet the goals is considered a leadership process in itself. On the other hand, the leaders involvement in planning, controlling, organising and staffing, are management processes (p. 11). How the Role and Responsibility of a Leader and Manager Might Differ in the Public Health Industry from any other Industry The public health functions are distinct to those of other industries and involves the collection and interpretation of important statistics, sanitation, control of communicable diseases, provision of maternal and child health programs, provision of laboratory services and health education (Rowitz, 2013). These roles differ from those of other industries such as the ones that deal with consumer goods and services. The focus of public health is one the general well-being of the population. Thus the roles and responsibilities of leaders and managers in this industry differ from those of other industries in many ways. The leaders of public health have the responsibilities to promote their agencies, making them to be viewed as repositories of public health information and as providers of high quality programs and services. According to (Rowitz, 2017) public health leaders have the responsibility of developing relationships with the leaders of public health agencies as well as partnerships with community health providers. The public health industry is critical to the wellbeing of any country and its performance and strength owes much to the nature of funding it receives from the government and private agencies. The public health leaders and managers play active role in the allocation of public health funds and the funding of public health programs and services. Rowitz (2017) asserts the changing nature of public health leaders into becoming more entrepreneurial as they now receive grants and develop contracts with private and public funding organisations to supplement their budgets. Their other way in which public health leaders and managers differ from those of other industries is their oversight role and quest for excellence in public health. According to (Rowitz, 2017) public health managers and leaders are tasked with the responsibility of developing benchmarks for best practice. In their oversight roles, the public health leaders and managers help in improvement of the services of community health providers through motivation (Tulchinsky Varavikova, 2014). By working with managers and leaders from other organisations, public health managers and leaders help in developing intensive and integrative approaches that help to improve public health. Also, the public health managers and leaders responsibilities differ from those of other industries owing to their responsibility towards the agency staff. According to (Rowitz, 2017) the public health leaders and managers must monitor and evaluate the performance of agency staff in order to increase their understanding of their job responsibilities and their job performances. Moreover, the public health managers and leaders play great role of empowering employees at the team levels, the agency level and at the community level. They do this through delegation of duties and offering motivation and support when the employees are performing their responsibilities. Leaders in the Public Health Industry In the course of learning I interviewed two public health leaders according to the interview guide for public leaders described in table 26-4 (Rowitz, 2013, p. 638). One of the public health leaders was a project officer working in Kogarah, NSW, and in charge of injury, while the other was a health education officer, working at Waverley NSW. The project officer was a young female in her mid 30s called Ann Waltz (real name withheld for privacy purposes), whereas the health education officer was a middle aged man in her early 40s by the name Davison Kruger (real name withheld for privacy purposes). Although the two were public health officers, their roles and responsibilities varied. The project officer was based in New South Wales and her roles included establishment, recruitment and facilitation of the community support programs. Waltz, is responsible for quality and cultural appropriateness of the programs delivered, providing support to the community based staff and maintaining communication network between the project team and the communities. On the other hand, Kruger, a health education officer, is responsible for working with community health workers who inject drugs. His roles include ensuring minimisation of harm, social justice and efficient service delivery of the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre. Other roles include drug use assessments, crisis management, supportive counseling and referrals. The interviews included about 15 questions as outlined in the public leaders interview guide described in table 26-4 (Rowitz, 2013, p. 638). In her response, Waltz pointed that her major motivation behind her career in public health was her desire to serve the community. Kruger pointed his motivation as the need to help in solving the increasing society problems such as poor sanitation. On asking them on what they regarded leadership to be, Waltz defined leadership as the process of providing people with direction and motivation in their job performance, whereas Kruger regarded it as a multidimensional process that involves individual leader skills and experience in helping people to attain their potential in the workplace, as well as meeting organization goals and objectives. While regarding the important leadership skills as creativity, innovation and advocacy, the two public health leaders conceded that the public health organisation system barriers to leadership are poor mentorship and highly bureaucratic organisation structures that hinder the ability of young people from expressing their leadership skills. However, despite these limitations, they pointed that their core roles remains in the research and development of appropriate policies that would enhance public health. They also emphasized their roles in advocating for increased fund allocation for the public health programs, which they eluded as being inadequate. On the question regarding whether the public health should be integrated into the general health sector, Waltz and Kruger were opposed. Waltz pointed to the huge mandate that the public health performs, including the general environmental health and nutrition of the population, which she pointed that if such merger occurred, it would overwhelm the health sector in the country. On his part, Kruger pointed that the merger of public health and the general health would make it even harder for the newly created organization to meet the increasing health needs of the population. He pointed the disparity in health that exists among the Aborigines as the perfect example that highlights the current challenges that would become worse had the two been merged. Although Waltz and Kruger are excellent visionary leaders, I found that they have a weak understanding of the role of politics in public health. Waltz pointed that she had little or no interest in pushing for their interests in the political platform. Kruger on the other hand pointed that he felt the politics played little role in his job as a public health education officer. What this shows is that there is little interest or information regarding the important role that politics play in public health. This is inconsistent with what was learnt that public health officers must have a good understanding of the political system of their location and how to influence the political processes for the benefit of health of their communities. Moreover, though the two leaders displayed a good understanding of their roles and that of the public health, they seemed not to have a good understanding of their leadership styles. When asked on her leadership style, Waltz regarded herself as just a young leader who was out to promote the welfare of the community. She pointed that she had no specific leadership style. Similarly, Kruger pointed that he did not consider himself in a good leadership position as his roles were limited to the direction of the organization he worked for. This is particularly not good for a young public health practitioner who ought to identify his or her leadership style. Kruger and Waltz were already in charge of teams and this amounted to some leadership responsibilities and they should be in a position to identify their leadership styles. Self-Assessment of Leadership Style The Leadership Skills Inventory has been developed to measure three major types of leadership skills; the technical, human and conceptual skills (Northouse, 2010, p. 64). On summing up the scores for responses in questions 1,4,7,10,13 and 17, I had a score of 28, which is my score for technical skills. The scores obtained for the human skills score represented by questions 2,5,8,11,14 and 17 was 26. The conceptual skills score represented by questions 3, 6,9,12, 15 and 18 was 23. The results reveal that the best recognized skills that I possess are the technical skills, followed by human skills and finally the conceptual skills. The Leadership Skills Inventory is important in determining the strengths and weaknesses of an individual leadership. It is also used to determine the level of management that suits one. The high scores in my technical and human skills shows that I am more suited in the lower management level. This means I can be an effective leader at the lower management level. However, Rowitzs principles of public health demand that public health leaders must adopt a proactive approach in their roles (Rowitz, 2017). Public health leaders should possess strong leadership skills which are critical in roles such as advocacy, coalition building, community building, promoting of agencies and advocating for funding. All these roles demand that a public health leader must possess strong technical, conceptual and human skills. The differences in the technical, conceptual and human skills scores show that I have major strengths and weaknesses. My major strengths are in the technical skills, to which is had the highest score. From the skills assessment, my major strengths lies with the good understanding of my work details, following directions and completion of assigned duties and concern on how my decisions may affect others. However, I will need to improve on working with abstract ideas, critical thinking, handling of complex organisation problems and creation of a mission statement. Conclusion Public health continues to be one of the most important components of the health system of any country. Developing good leadership skills and an understanding of the roles of public health leaders and manager is critical in fulfilling the core mandate of the public health. However, public health leaders must assess their leadership skills in order to determine their strengths and areas that they should improve in order to become effective public health leaders. References Detels, R., Gulliford, M., Karim, Q. A., Tan, C. C. (Eds.). (2017).Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health: The practice of public health. Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Kendall, L. (Ed.). (2002).New Practitioners in the Future Health Service. Institute for Public Policy Research. Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A., Snyder, S., Levett-Jones, T., Dwyer, T. (2015).Kozier and Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing Volumes 1-3 Australian Edition eBook(3rd ed.). Melbourne: P.Ed Australia. Northouse, P. (2010).Leadership: Theory and Practice(5th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE. Rowitz, L. (2013).Public Health Leadership: Putting Principles into Practice(3rd ed.). Burlington, Mass.: Jones Bartlett Learning. Rowitz, L. (2017).Essentials of Leadership in Public Health. Massachusetts: Jones Bartlett Learning. Tulchinsky, T., Varavikova, E. (2014).The New Public Health(3rd ed.). Massachusetts: Academic Press.

Stalins Expansion in Eastern Europe and the Potsdam free essay sample

In 1 945, Stalin using his salami tactics and slice by slice started spreading communism in eastern Europe as he wanted a friendly buffer of states for retention as in 1914 and 1941 he was attacked by Germany and his allies were very delayed in opening up a second front therefore meaning by the time they did USSR had lost millions of soldiers. He appointed communist leaders to take over, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Romania, East Germany and Poland, this was Stalin soviet sphere of influence. This is important because the USA wrongly perceived this as a world revolution therefore increasing the Cold War hostility to rise. USA strongly believed in democracy and the right to choose your own overspent, so they were very opposed to Stalin soviet expansion as the countries been turned communist did not choose this. Bulgaria, were very opposed to communism but in 1944 there was an election and the communists executed leaders of other parties. We will write a custom essay sample on Stalins Expansion in Eastern Europe and the Potsdam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He did similar things with the rest of the countries, stamping out the opposition in Hungary and even forcing the Romania king to abdicate.This is important because Stalin soviet expansion led to a number of chain events as both superpowers disagreed greatly on catheters governments. Britains announcement that it could no longer fund the civil war in Greece ND Turkey forced the USA to activity contain communism instead of just threatening it, this idea of containment was enforced by the USA Truman Doctrine speech announcing it would offer advice and financial support to any country within or outside its borders to fight communism and wishing to develop capitalism.This is important because this increased Stalin suspicions and also he believed this was a declaration Of war. However, the Potsdam conference in July 1 945 played a big part in increasing tension. There they disagreed on many points. By this time the leaders of USA ND Britain had changed. Clement Attlee taking over the position for the USA and Harry Truman taking over from Winston Churchill. This is important because with new leaders, comes new personalities and Truman was very much more anti-communist.The difference in personalities made it very hard to agree on decisions which was the reason for the conference. The USSR suffered the most damage in the war, losing 20 million Russians meaning he wanted high reparations from Germany, however Truman wanting to learn from the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations past mistakes led to disagreement . This is important because Trumann resistant would only of caused Stalin to be angered more and would further increase Stalin hatred of Truman. However they did agree in the end that Stalin deserved reparations.Tensions were very high at Potsdam, as by that time there was an extreme unbalance of power as the USA atom bomb had successfully been tested, further increasing rivalry. This is important because this would lead to an arms race as the USSR would be racing to build its own atom bomb to restore balance. At the Yalta conference it was agreed that Poland would be liberated from occupation by the Germany army and free elections would take place however Stalin broke this agreement therefore because of that an element of mistrust would surround the three leaders.There was also an disagreement over a soviet policy in eastern Europe as Truman wanted to avoid this but as it was agreed at Yalta he was forced to accept this. In conclusion I believe Stalin soviet expansion affected the Co ld war more as its expansion was perceived as a world takeover when really Stalin only wanted socialism in one country. This misunderstanding led to a chain reaction and more hatred between the two superpowers.

Volkswagon Beetle essays

Volkswagon Beetle essays The Beetle was first introduced in 1934. Today the original shape is still being produced in Brazil and Mexico. To this day the Beetle is the largest production car ever, with over 22 million on the road today. When the Beetle was first introduced it was considered to be odd-looking, with little potential for worldwide distribution. Despite the Volkswagen Beetle's looks it became very popular and took its place in history. Much of the Beetle's attraction was because of its vintage form, apparent human personality, character and charm. In the nineties these all have been contributing factors. Even after so many years the Beetle has not changed its image dramatically since the first one was produced. The main detail of the Beetle that sticks out is its shape. The Beetle is recognizable everywhere. The Beetle on the outside was well designed, but underneath the hood there was always room for improvement. There is always top quality Beetles that can be found. This is because when people bought them, they took extreme good care. They could do this due to the fact that parts are readily available. They can be found at swap meets, workshops or suppliers, which are located throughout the country. The parts are also inexpensive. Also the fact that Beetles were easy to work on because they do not have a complicated computer system. The Volkswagen Beetle also makes sense financially. The Beetle is more likely to hold its value better than a newer vehicle. Volkswagen was continually changing its specifications towards the Beetle. Since Volkswagen decided no to add any extra such as fuel gauges for example, there was a huge opportunity for after market parts. When you put these together its possible to build a vintage Beetle using parts only. It is possible to make the car as unique as possible. Many people have their own reasons for restoring and buying Beetles. But underneath it all, the m ...

The Need for Good Financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Need for Good Financing - Essay Example The difference is that the word "finance" has a magical ring to it, and what a big difference the choice of words makes! A young boy who asks his dad for a few dollars usually pays a penalty like studying harder or fixing up his room, but a man in a suit who looks for multi-million dollar financing deals gets his picture in the papers, surrounds himself with beautiful people, and may even end up getting elected into public office like the former CEO of Goldman Sachs, Hank Paulson, who is now America's Treasury Secretary. So what this essay hopes to accomplish is to give young men and women a leg up in the good life: how to find money and learn the lessons needed to be successful later on in life. There are five basic rules that one has to remember in order to succeed in finding money without breaking the law, or without getting so used to shortcuts that instead of becoming a responsible member of society, the ambitious young person looking for money is spoiled into thinking that one can get on easily in life. This is not true, because whether one likes it or not, people have to work. Unless one learns to work hard, one can never be successful in life, especially now that there are billions of people in the world who are competing for the same lifestyle and the same jobs that people have and enjoy in America. This is the first rule of finding money the right way or, as the title of this essay suggests, finding good financing: money does not grow on trees, so one has to look for the best source of money. For young people, the best source is usually a parent, a relative, a friend, or a part-time job, in that order. Having a rich parent is an advantage, but it could also happen that rich parents are so tight with their money that their children do not get more than what they need. Many call this smart parenting, although their children may not see it that way. In other cases, parents may not have much money, but they want the best for their children, so they indulge the children's every whim and fancy. Many parents call this dumb parenting, but children usually praise this type of good financing of their expenses that they wish all parents are like theirs, except that spoiled kids usually end up as spoiled men and women who are good for nothing. Which brings us to the second rule: the wrong use of money can be the source of evil. Parents love this popular clich and often think about it when their children ask them for money, more so when their children are in their teenage years and most susceptible to experimenting with everything under the sun (or inside the mall). Good financing must include using the money for a good purpose, like being with friends, being able to buy food to eat or to engage in fun activities to relieve the mental, physical, and emotional stresses that are so common. Obviously, when parents see that giving their children money is not good for the children, they can block the channels through which the funds flow, either by withdrawing the child's allowance or imposing near-impossible conditions for funds release, such as getting straight A's or lending your iPod to your kid sister. This brings us to the third rule: one can get good financing by working for others. The reason is simple: the work you do will be unique and does not bring with it the condition to do

Computers and Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computers and Marketing - Case Study Example The Guardian article â€Å"He sent 38 billion emails and called himself the Spam King. Then Bill Gates went after him† written by Wilson J and Johnson B in 2005, mentioned an incident in which Scott Richter and his Colorado-based company OptInRealBig.com are alleged to have been one of the world's biggest spammers. Microsoft and the New York attorney general, Eliot Spitzer, sued Mr Richter for $18m in 2003, accusing him of violating state and federal laws, after "spam traps" set by the software company netted some 8,000 messages containing 40,000 fraudulent statements (Wilson and Johnson 2005).  Ã‚  This paper analyses the validity of sending spam messages with the help of ethical theories of Deontologists and Utilitarian. Deontologists believe that some actions are wrong no matter what consequences follow from them. Deontology is an ethical system which has close association with Kantianism. While utilitarianism focuses on the outcomes of an action, deontology demands that the actions itself should be ethical; no matter what the outcome is. Sending spam messages will generate immense marketing opportunities for the sender; however it is not necessary that all the receivers take such messages as a blessing. In other words, spam messages are useful to the sender if the receiver did not grant permission to the sender.

Analysis of Finlands Government Budget

Analysis of Finlands Government Budget Abstract A Government Budget is an administration report introducing the governments proposed incomes and spending for a financial year that is regularly passed by the assembly, affirmed by the president and exhibited by the Finance Minister to the country. (4) The purpose of this project is to compare the Finnish government budget from the years 2013 and 2014, analyse them and evaluate if the latest budget has managed to stabilise the national economy. Keywords Government budget, GDP, inflation, private and public Sector Introduction A government budget shows the expectations of a government’s revenues and spending in annual basis. The purpose of a government budget is to balance the national economy equilibrium. There are three types of government budgets Balanced, surplus and deficit budget. A budget is balanced when a government’s revenue and expenditure are equal. It is surplus when the expected revenues exceed expenditure, and it is deficit when the expected expenditure is bigger than the revenues. GDP, gross-domestic product, is a tool for measuring national production. It can be measured in three ways by production approach, income approach, and expenditure approach (Y = C + I + G + (X − M)). However, the GDP doesn’t take a stance on measuring wealth, volunteer services, or how beneficial or harmful the production is or has been to the economy, environment or nation. The gross-domestic product visualises the size of the national production and hence is a good tool for understanding, analysing, planning and controlling the economy. In this assignment, we will be looking at GDP as a measurement tool in stabilising the national economy. Introduction of the country and its economy Finland has a highly industrialised, mixed economy with a ‘per capita’ output equal to that of other western economies such as France, Germany, Sweden or the United Kingdom. The largest sector of the economy is services at 66 percent, followed by manufacturing and refining at 31.4 percent. Primary production is 2.9 percent. With respect to foreign trade, the key economic sector is manufacturing. The largest industries are electronics (21.6 percent), machinery, vehicles and other engineered metal products (21.1 percent), forest industry (13.1 percent), and chemicals (10.9 percent). Finland has timber and several mineral and freshwater resources. Forestry, paper factories, and the agricultural sector (on which taxpayers spend around 2 billion euros annually) are politically sensitive to rural residents. The capital region generates around a third of the GDP. Finland is highly integrated in the global economy, and international trade makes a third of the annual GDP. Exports within The European Union make up to 60 percent of the total trade. The largest trade flows are with Germany, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, Netherlands and China. Trade policy is managed by the European Union, where Finland has traditionally been among the free trade supporters. Finland has been ranked on third place in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 2013-2014 and tops the sub-rankings related to education. This has helped the economy to become the most innovative of the world (GCI). High firm competitiveness has also led to a balanced international creditor position. (1) 2.1 Private sector, income tax and unemployment Finlands income is generated by the approximately 1.8 million private sector workers, who make an average 25.1 euros per hour. The middle income workers tax wedge is 46 % and effective marginal tax rates are very high. Value-added tax is 24% for most items. Capital gains tax is 28% and corporate tax is 26%, which is about the EU median. (1) The population ages rapidly, while labour mobility is hampered and structural unemployment high. Finland’s export market share is briskly deteriorating due to falling structural demand for some of its main products and lost global (price) competitiveness. Part of the production has moved abroad The unemployment rate was 9.50% in 2014, slight growth from 2013 (8,8 %). The employment rate is (persons aged 15–64) 68.6%. 2.2 Public sector State and municipal politicians have struggled to cut their consumption, which is very high at 58 % in comparison to GDP. Much of the taxes are spent on public sector employees, many of which are jobs-for-life and amount to 550 000 state and municipal employees, which makes 10% of the whole population in Finland. (1) Finland’s institutions belong to those best performing in the world. Public institutions function well and are thoroughly transparent. Moreover, government officials tend to respond adequately to risks and are often able to find multi-party consensus on difficult reforms. Budgets of 2013 and 2014 Finland has been a part of Eurozone recession in recent years. It was estimated that the current recession would end in 2013 but the growth would remain slow. The reason for the low growth lies in financial and debt crisis. The work output is not growing, structural change has affected existing production capacity and the amount of new investments is low. This chapter focuses on the details budget changes between 2013 and 2014. The Finnish GDP was 210 billion euros in 2013 referring to chart 1. In 2013, the prediction of the decrease in GDP volume is 0.5 %. The decrease in the outcome is due to decreasing investment and export rates. In budget of year 2014 the total output increased by 1.2% by domestic consumption and export. This was mainly due to gradual recovery of the Eurozone. Real GDP growth differs and can be seen from chart 2. (3) Chart 1: GDP changes. (3) Figure 1: Changes in market prices GDP from year 2010 to estimated 2015. Chart 2. Real GDP growth. (6) Revenues and detailed budgets per sector can be seen in following figures 2 and 3. Figure 2. Revenues and expenditures of year 2013. (3) Figure 3. Revenues and expenditures of year 2014. (3) As referred to the comparison of the 2013 and 2014 budgets, there is a decrease of 200 million â‚ ¬ in the budget of 2014. The government is trying to stabilise the economy by increasing revenue from taxes and selling stocks. There has been a main increase in budgeting in the sectors of health and society together with foreign affairs. Budget has been decreased for most of the sectors. Notable change is that the budget for the president has been cut with more than 3 million. Taxes On-budget revenue for 2014, excluding net borrowing, is estimated at around EUR 46.9 billion. Tax receipts account for around 85 % of all on-budget revenue. It was estimated that central government tax revenue will increase by approximately 2.5 %. That means approximately 1.0 billion increases in tax revenue compared to 2013 budget. Corporate income tax reform was implemented in 2014 together with divided taxation to support economic growth, employment and entrepreneurship. Corporate income tax was lowered 4.5% to 20%. It was estimated that the lowering of the corporate tax rate, reduces central government’s imputed tax revenue by 870 million euros. By lowering the corporate income tax rate the economic growth was estimated to be boosted and as a consequence tax base will be expanded. Also it helps the Finnish production to stay in Finland rather than moving abroad for avoiding large taxes. Tax revenue loss is also compensated with removing and limiting tax subsidies. (3) Dividend taxation was amended. Earlier 70% of dividend income was treated as taxable income and after amending the figure is 85%. For non-publicly listed companies the income will be taxed in full as capital income. Changes to dividend taxation are expected to increase central government tax revenue by approximately 200 million euros. An essential part of increased tax revenue consists of increase in excise duties. It was estimated that increases in taxation of tobacco, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks will increase tax revenue by 230 million euros. Increases in taxation of electricity and transport fuels were estimated to increase central government tax revenue by 195 million euros. In addition, tax for old electricity power plants without carbon dioxide emissions was introduced. Power plant tax aims to collect 50 million tax revenues. (3) Value-added tax rates were increased from the beginning of 2013 by one per cent. General tax rate is now 24 % but tax rate is lowered for some goods and services. For example value-added tax rate for food and restaurants is 14 % and 10 % for medicines, public transport and accommodation. Chart 3. Value added tax rates in 2014. (3) Education As a reserve funds measure, the college list and the focal government exchange record of the managerial extension of the Ministry of Education and Culture will be solidified for 2013. An aggregate of EUR 60 million will be allotted to diminishing class sizes in essential instruction. An aggregate of EUR 58 million will be allotted in 2013 for the repair of dampness and mould-harmed school structures and for instructive establishment foundation costs. Health Health insurance repayments are to be increased in 2013 to around EUR 4.9 billion. Government investment funds measures are controlled and will have a general impact of about EUR 143 million one year from now. The greatest sparing, EUR 103 million, identifies with repayments for restorative costs. Also, government consumption for health insurance pay will diminish all EUR 40 million, as the maintenance for travel costs will be raised. Transportation EUR 28 million in assignments is proposed for ecological backing to vessel ventures, as a gift for a vessel to be finished in 2013, taking into account an approval given in 2010.29. Moreover, A total of EUR 27 million will be dispensed in 2013 for the procurement of another icebreaker. Spending on significant public sectors Figure 4 shows the spending comparison in percentages of all tax revenues on public sectors. This section will inspect the spending in detail for the most significant sectors. Figure 4. Tax euros spent comparison for years 2013 and 2014. In the education sector, student grant is tied to an index starting from 1 August 2014 and the amount of the state guarantee for study loan per month is raised by 100 euros. Study loan deduction system is proposed to be replaced by a study loan credit system which encourages more effective completion of studies. In the upper secondary school and polytechnic, the immigrants will have a possibility to get student financial aid starting from fall 2014. In the social and health care services however, 10 million euros will be allocated to improving support services for family care. Annually, 54.5 million euros will be allocated to implementation of the Act on Supporting the Functional Capacity of the Older Population and on Social and Health Care Services for Older Persons. In the transportations sector, 1.601 million euros will be reserved for traffic route investments and 767 million euros is reserved for daily maintenance of the traffic routes. Finances General government in Finland consists of central government, local government, employee pension funds and other social funds. The decrease of total output in recent years will affect the general government financial standing in the next years and so the general government will continue to show deficit. Central and local government show clear deficit, employee pension sector surplus and other social security funds are in balance. The Budget for 2014 shows a deficit of 7.1 billion euros. In terms of national accounts, the central government deficit is expected to be around 3.6 per cent of GDP in 2014. The budgeted estimate for central government debt at year-end 2014 is close to 100 billion euros. In 2013 budget deficit was 7.0 billion which was about 2.8 per cent of GDP in that year. Central government debt at year-end 2013 was 96 billion euros. The Government aims to balance central government finances and to bring the government debt-to-GDP ratio into a downturn by the end of the parliamentary term. In order to achieve the goals, the Government has decided on measures decreasing expenditure and increasing revenue. The measures will be implemented gradually by 2015 and they will improve the central government’s financial standing by approximately 4.8 billion euros starting from 2017. The measures include lowering corporate income tax rate, reform of divided income taxation, local government reform, social and health care service structure reform and housing policy reform. The measures also include increasing young people’s access to education and employment as well as employment of people with partial capability for working. The Government will assess the achievement of objectives annually. If central government debt relative to total output does not take a downturn, the Government has to commit further measures. European Union Finland is expected to contribute an estimated 1.974 million euros to the EU budget and the European Development Fund in 2014. Finland’s contributions will be 5 million euros lower than contributions in the 2013 Budget. Finland is expected to receive 912 million euros from the EU budget in 2014, which is 306 million euros less than receipts in the 2013 budget. The income decrease is primarily due to the fact that the payments for rural development in 2014 are expected to be delayed during the first programme year. The income payments will be balanced out in coming years The economic sanctions the European Union has set on Russia due to the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the results of the slight collapse of the Russian economy is affecting the Finnish economy both directly and indirectly. Similar situation was seen during the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, when the Finnish economy was even more dependant of its Eastern neighbour. Inflation Chart 3. Shows the inflation rate (6) In 2014 total exports remained at the same level as the year before, while imports decreased by one per cent. According to the preliminary statistics the value of exports was 55.8 billion euros and the value of imports 57.6 billion euros. (1) Binding expenditure ceilings set at the beginning of each administration’s four-year term prevent the government from running large deficits. Government debt is relatively low, borrowing is based on long-term bonds, bond yields are very low and net public assets are very large. Despite the depression in the western countries, there has been a positive trend in growing consumer confidence during 2014. Inflation rates continued its dropping trend, as on 2013 it was 2.2 % and 2014 1.7 %. Still, wages and salaries grew by 1.3 % the same year. (4) 4. Conclusion The economic outlook for 2014 was weak. Furthermore, Finland had to deal with declining export sectors, a relatively fast ageing population, and private sector indebtedness. However, in overall, Finland’s public finances and banking system are solid, institutions are strong, and the business sectors are competitive. Finland’s strengths are competitive business sector and highly educated workforce, healthy public finances, strong institutions and qualified government officials. The dangerous weaknesses come from the ageing, rigid labour market and waning export sectors. For the first time in three years, the GDP increased on 2014. It can be said that there has been a turn for better in planning and controlling the economy via the government budget.

In the Letter from Charles Lamb to English Romantic Poet

In the letter from Charles Lamb to English romantic poet William Wordsworth, Charles sends a very kind invitation into Cumberland to William. I am asked to analyze the techniques the author (William) uses to decline Charles’s invitation. The author is trying to inform Charles Lamb that he will not be able to accept the invitation by using mainly persuasion, exposition, Pathos argument, Figurative speech, some description, compliments and past memories to inform Charles that he can not accept the invitation. The author starts by telling Charles that he is honored by the invitation by the quote, â€Å"With you and your Sister I could gang anywhere. † He then gives the bad new that he can not accept the invitation, â€Å"But I am afraid whether I shall ever be able to afford so desperate a Journey. † Therefore the author gives a compliment before giving the bad news to Charles. The quote, â€Å"The rooms where I was born†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. When I have sunned myself, my old school, -these are my mistresses. The author uses Figurative speech and persuasion to try and change Charles point of view on why he (William) cannot accept the invitation, the author tries to persuade him that he cannot go not because he doesn’t want to, but because he can’t. The quote, â€Å"Your sun & moon and skies and hills & lakes affect me no more, or scarcely come to me in more venerable characters, than as a gilded room with tapestry and tapers, where I might live with handsome visible objects†, shows that the author used personification and figurative speech. Another technique the author uses is Exposition, the author informs, explains, and clarifies his/her ideas and thoughts. The author uses Exposition in the quote, â€Å"Separate from the pleasure of your company, I don't much care if I never see a mountain in my life. I have passed all my days in London, until I have formed as many and intense local attachments, as any of your Mountaineers can have done with dead nature†, by writing to Charles that he cannot go because he has lived almost his whole life in London and made many local attachments that he cannot leave behind. The author writes descriptions of places and people like tradesmen and costumers and the lighted shops to explain that all those are his memories and only home, he uses Pathos argument and Descriptive writing along with past memories in the quote, â€Å"The Lighted shops of the Strand and Fleet Street, the innumerable trades, tradesmen and customers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. all these things work themselves into my mind and feed me without a power of satiating me. Through Pathos argument the author uses vivid description, Emotional tone like in the quote,† and I often shed tears in the motley Strand from fullness of joy at so much Life†, so the Charles can experience what the writer experiences. In conclusion the author’s purpose is to inform Charles that he would be honored to go to Cumberland, but cannot because London is his home. He uses many techniques such as persuasion, pathos argument and exposition.

Critical Thinking Assignment Essay

The memorandum from Salvador Monella to the Board of Directors addresses the rising costs of employee healthcare benefits at Penn-Mart. His communication includes an explanation of his purpose in addressing the healthcare costs, findings regarding Penn-Mart’s benefits costs, a recommended program to implement for cost reduction, and a discussion containing support for their recommendation. While some business people may be tempted to simply accept the information presented in Mr. Monella’s memorandum, it is my opinion, after reading Browne and Keeley’s Asking the Right Questions (2012), that adopting a critical thinking approach is the most effective way to evaluate the document. Using a critical thinking approach to evaluate this business document will help a reader to know when to accept and when to reject information they are presented. The reader knows that information that passes the critical thinking questions they ask is worth accepting. Implementing strong-sense critical thinking and using the same skills to evaluate all claims, even one’s own, prevents falling to conventionality. In the tenth edition of Asking the Right Questions (Browne & Keeley, 2012), there are ten critical questions to ask that are presented. The ten questions are: What are the issues and the conclusions?, What are the reasons?, Which words or phrases are ambiguous?, What are the value and descriptive assumptions?, Are there any fallacies in the reasoning?, How good is the evidence?, Are there rival causes?, Are the statistics deceptive?, What significant information is omitted?, What reasonable conclusions are possible? (Browne & Keeley, p. 9) After asking and evaluating each of these questions, a reader will have a solid basis on which to decide if Mr. Monella’s recommendations should be accepted. It is my opinion that his recommendations should not be accepted until more information is provided. Each of the ten critical thinking questions will be evaluated in order to demonstrate how this conclusion was reached. The first question a critical thinker must ask when reading is, â€Å"What are the issues and conclusions?† (Browne & Keely, p. 18) As a reader, it is  important to identify the issue the author is discussing and the conclusion they have drawn in order to successfully form an opinion regarding the information presented. The issue is the topic that an author is addressing, while the conclusion is the message they intend to convey to the reader. There are two types of issues- descriptive issues and prescriptive issues. A descriptive issue poses questions regarding descriptions of the past, present, or future. Prescriptive issues pose questions about actions that should be taken, what is ethical or moral, and what is good or bad; they are issues that require prescriptive answers. In the memorandum, Mr. Monella presents a descriptive issue that requires an answer to describe how the work place will be in the future. How can Penn-Mart control the cost of employee healthcare benefits? The conclusion presented is to implement a new wellness program call the â€Å"Get Well† program. The second question that must be addressed is, â€Å"What are the reasons?† (Browne & Keeley, p. 29) Reasons are the statements an author provides that support or justify their conclusion. As the book states, â€Å"you cannot determine the worth of a conclusion until you identify the reasons.† (p. 29) In order to identify the reasons supplied by an author, a critical thinker must ask why the author believes their conclusion. In the memorandum, the reasons stated support the conclusion of initiating a â€Å"Get Well† program. The memorandum states that data â€Å"indicates that individuals who voluntarily neglect their health account for the greatest impact on the growth in benefits costs.† The data includes smokers, individuals who do not exercise, and those who avoid preventative care in the group in question. The second reason given is that the program will make employees more aware of their own health status and identify issues they can improve to becom e more fit. Other reasons provided by the memorandum are that the initiative aligns with other public health initiatives, there have been other studies on obesity, the initiative will provide initiative for employees to adopt healthier lifestyles, and it will make employees feel better about themselves. After identifying the basic structure of a message, a critical thinker must ask, â€Å"What words or phrases are ambiguous?† (p. 40) An ambiguous word or phrase is one that has multiple possible meanings.  Ambiguous words or phrases in an argument create the need for clarification of the meaning before a reader can fully evaluate the argument. When reading a document such as the memorandum, it is helpful to mark ambiguous words or phrases in statements as they occur. The ambiguous terms identified in the memorandum have been italicized. â€Å"The objective of the ‘Get Well’ program is to†¦help them identify issues that they could mitigate on their own to become more fi t.† (p. 2) â€Å"The ‘Get Well’ initiative completely aligns with other current public health and fitness objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 2) â€Å"There have been numerous research studies on obesity published in scholarly journals.† (p. 2) â€Å"We firmly believe that many Penn-Mart employees want to get fit and that the ‘Get Well’ initiative will provide the necessary incentives†¦ Giving a blood sample and filling out a survey form is not intrusive or burdensome – these are two things that people do routinely. Those who might oppose â€Å"Get Well† are either unfit, or they have something to hide.† (p. 2) â€Å"These recommendations have been thoroughly researched and represent state-of-the-art in our field.† (p. 2) Each of the italicized phrases can either have multiple meanings, or is not specific enough to use to determine the statement’s validity. For example, the suggested program is intended to help identify employee health â€Å"issues,† however different people may consider different things to be health issues. While one person may consider smoking to be a health issue, others may not. â€Å"Completely align[ing]† with objectives may mean that initiatives are designed by the same person, implemented for the same group of people, and intended to accomplish the same goal; however it also may mean that it has the same general objective. Each ambiguous term has the same possibility of containing various meanings. Next a critical thinker must ask the fourth critical question, â€Å"What are the value and descriptive assumptions?† Assumptions are beliefs that are generally taken for granted that support the reasoning and conclusion of an argument. Value assumptions demonstrate a preference for one value over another. Descriptive assumptions demonstrate beliefs about the world. In the memorandum both value and descriptive assumptions are demonstrated. The value assumption demonstrated is equality versus individualism. Mr. Monella states that is unfair to young, healthy people to let employees unequally use healthcare insurance resources. This demonstrates a preference for individualism over equality. The descriptive assumption in the memorandum involves beliefs about Penn-Mart’s healthcare benefits strategy and controlling the cost of the employee healthcare program. It assumes that there are no other ways to control spending, other than by implementing the Get Well program. Fifth, a critical thinker must ask, â€Å"Are there any fallacies in the reasoning?† (p. 74) Fallacies are logic tricks an author may use to lure a reader into accepting their conclusion. There are multiple fallacies in the memorandum. First, the authors claim that the â€Å"Get Well† will make Penn-Mart employees feel better about themselves, which appeals to emotions. The memorandum states that the recommendations have been thoroughly researched and represent state-of-the-art in our field, which appeals to questionable authority; the researchers and qualifications for being state of the art have not been specified. Those who might oppose â€Å"Get Well† are claimed to be either u nfit, or they have something to hide, which attacks person rather than ideas. The final statement, â€Å"to quote the famous Charles Darwin, ‘survival of the fittest’ is a natural part of evolution,† introduces a red herring. The next step in evaluating the conclusion is to ask, â€Å"How good is the evidence?† (p. 92) The memorandum cites data from underwriters that indicates individuals who voluntarily neglect their health account for the greatest impact employee healthcare benefits costs, which is the author using a case example as evidence. The underwriters believe that many Penn-Mart employees want to get fit, which generalizes the desires of a portion of the employees to the entire population. Cited published research studies on obesity appeal to authority. A research study is used as evidence with data from underwriters is cited twice. The â€Å"Get Well† program is claimed to make Penn-Mart employees feel better about themselves, generalizing from the research sample. Finally, an employee survey about satisfaction with their benefits could be a biased survey. â€Å"Are there rival causes?† (p. 128) This question helps evaluate an argument’s strength by examining any other reasonable causes for the event in question. Rival outcomes would provide different causes for the rising employee healthcare benefits costs at Penn-Mart. The memorandum states that the rise in benefits costs is driven by causes such as an aging workforce with tenure. However, other possible causes exist, such as inflation for common medical procedures such as physical examinations. The memorandum also demonstrates the  fundamental attribution error by citing individuals who â€Å"voluntarily neglect their health† (p. 1), although there may be other reasons they do not exercise, such as preexisting conditions like arthritis. While statistics may seem like impressive additions to an argument, they may also be deceptive. They frequently do not â€Å"prove what they appear to prove.† (p. 142) Knowing the unreliableness of statistics makes it important for a critical thinker to ask, are the statistics deceptive? (p. 142) Statistics stating that wages and benefits make up roughly 40 percent of Penn-Mart’s annual budget are cited, however 40% is not clearly defined or accurately identified. Also cited is data from underwriters indicating that participation in voluntary health benefits programs â€Å"peaked at 5% of total FTE’s in 2006† (p. 1), but what does 5% of total FTE amount to? The 5% is again not clearly defined or accurately identified. Equally as significant as the information included in an argument is the significant information that is omitted. Omitting significant information from an argument shapes the reasoning in favor of the author. In order to judge the quality of an argument’s reasoning, a critical thinker must ask, what significant information is omitted? (p. 153) For example, in Penn-Mart’s situation, the potential long-term negative effects of the Get Well program are omitted. Could the program have negative consequences? The suggestions state that employees who do not comply with the terms of â€Å"Get Well† should be given the possibility of paying a fine, declining future healthcare benefits, resigning, or being fired. However, the memorandum does not address what the consequences might be of the majority of employees refusing Get Well would be to Penn-Mart. If the company selects to fire those employees, they may lose many workers, causing the whole organization to suffer. The final question to ask in the critical thinking model is, what reasonable conclusions are possible? (p. 163) As a critical thinker, the objective is to determine and accept the most reasonable conclusion(s) to an argument that most closely adheres to personal value preferences. There are frequently alternative conclusions or multiple conclusions that are possible given the reasoning of an argument. For example, one conclusion to the Penn-Mart situation is that the Get Well program is the best solution to rising healthcare costs. Another conclusion may be that there is another program that may be a better fit for Penn-Mart. After asking and evaluating  all ten of the critical questions to ask, I believe that I have determined the most reasonable conclusion. To determine the best conclusion, it would be necessary to obtain clarification about the ambiguous terms before evaluating the argument’s strength. Without that information it is not possible to make a firm opinion about the strength of reasoning. Until the clarification is provided, it is my opinion that the suggestions of the consultant company should not be accepted. There are too many ambiguous terms and fallacies employed to determine that the argument is strong enough for acceptance. Resources Browne, M. N., & Keeley, S.M. (2010). Asking the right questions: A guide to critical thinking (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

The University Of Arizona, Arizona - 970 Words

University of Arizona is one of the greatest school not only in the state of Arizona but also in the whole US nation. There were so many magnificent people who graduated from this amazing University, and because of the magic of this college, some of them choose to live in this beautiful city after they graduated. Fortunately, I was lucky enough to be a wild cat and interview one of the senior wildcat: Anna Marie Mesa who attended the UA in the fall semester of 1964. Ms. Mesa is one of my best friends’ grandma, she was one of the eldest wildcat that I know. After she got in the University of Arizona, in addition of excitement, she felt more honorable because she was the first one went to college in her whole family. One of the things she remembered often even now was that her full time tuition in 1964 was only $93 for fifteen units. I was so shocked because it was such an unbelievable number! I personally could never imagine pay that less to go to a college without a scholarsh ip. 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